第二十八卦 · 28Hexagram 28大过 · DÀ GUÒDÀ GUÒ

泽风大过Dà Guò · Great Exceeding

兑上 · 巽下Lake over Wind

卦辞The Judgement

大过：栋桡；利有攸往，亨。Dà Guò. The ridgepole sags. Favorable to have somewhere to go. Prosperous and smooth.

面临非常时期，需要超常规的手段。巽木在下属木居东南，兑泽在上属金居西方——泽水淹过了树木，水本该生木，但水太大，把树淹死了。金克木，这里的泽（金）完全压过了木（巽风），就是“过”。栋梁已经弯曲——结构面临崩塌的风险。这时不能墨守成规，要敢于打破常规、独自承担、大胆突破。

You face an extraordinary time that calls for extraordinary measures. The lower trigram Xùn is Wood, in the southeast; the upper trigram Duì is Lake, element Metal, in the west — the lake-water has drowned the trees. Water should generate Wood, but the water is too great and drowns the tree instead. Metal checks Wood, and here the lake (Metal) completely overwhelms the wood (Xùn's Wind), and this is the state of excess. The ridgepole is already bending — the structure risks collapse. This is no time to cling to convention; you must dare to break the rules, shoulder the weight alone, and push through boldly.

大象The Image

《象》曰：泽灭木，大过；君子以独立不惧，遁世无闷。The lake drowns the trees: the image of Great Excess. The noble one, accordingly, stands alone without fear and withdraws from the world without distress.

六爻The Six Lines

初六Initial Six

初六，藉用白茅，无咎。Spreading white rushes beneath the offering. No fault.

做事极其谨慎——巽木初爻，树刚发芽——用最柔软的茅草垫底，一点震动都不会传到根上，用最柔软、最干净的方式垫底（白茅）。在非常时期，加倍的小心是必要的，不会出错。

Acting with extreme care — Xùn's Wood, first line, the tree just sprouting — a cushion of the softest rushes laid underneath, so not a tremor reaches the root — laying the softest, cleanest thing underneath (the white rushes). In extraordinary times, redoubled caution is exactly right, and won't go wrong.

九二Second Nine

九二，枯杨生稊，老夫得其女妻；无不利。A withered willow puts out fresh shoots; an old man takes a young wife. Nothing is unfavorable.

枯萎的杨树长出新芽——意外的复兴。巽木居中——老树枯了又发新枝，看着不对，但活了就是对的。老人娶到年轻妻子——错位但有效的组合。在非常时期，非常规组合反而管用。

A withered willow sprouting again — an unexpected revival. Xùn's Wood centered — the old tree withered, then putting out new shoots: it looks wrong, but alive is right. An old man marrying a young wife — a mismatched but effective pairing. In extraordinary times, unconventional combinations are what work.

九三Third Nine

九三，栋桡，凶。The ridgepole sags. Misfortune.

栋梁严重弯曲，凶——巽木到三爻——房梁已经弯了，木头撑不住了，这是真正的危机。这时已经无法补救，硬撑只会加速崩塌。

The ridgepole is badly bent — Xùn's Wood at the third line — the beam has bent, the timber can't hold — misfortune. This is a real crisis, and at this point it can't be salvaged; forcing it only speeds the collapse.

九四Fourth Nine

九四，栋隆，吉；有它，吝。The ridgepole curves upward. Good fortune. But if there is something else (a response below): regret.

栋梁挺直了——危机解除。兑泽居中——水面平稳，梁木重新浮起来了。但不要因此放松，可能还有其他隐忧。化险为夷后要继续警觉。

The ridgepole straightens — Duì's Lake centered — the water's surface calm, the beam floating back up — the crisis lifts. But don't relax on that account; there may be other hidden worries. After turning danger to safety, stay watchful.

九五Fifth Nine

九五，枯杨生华，老妇得其士夫；无咎无誉。A withered willow puts out flowers; an old woman takes a young husband. No fault, no praise.

枯杨开花、老妇得到年轻丈夫——兑泽正位——水满了，枯木也开花了，但花期不长，表面上有点尴尬，其实没什么大不了。在非常时期，能维持现状就够了。

A withered willow flowering, an old woman taking a young husband — Duì's Lake in its true place — the water full, the dead wood even in flower, though the bloom won't last long — a bit awkward on the surface, but no real harm. In extraordinary times, just holding the line is enough.

上六Top Six

上六，过涉灭顶，凶，无咎。Wading in too deep, the water goes over one's head. Misfortune. No fault.

蹚水过河，水没过头顶——兑泽到极处——水太深，淹过顶了，这是凶险。但因为是为了正义、为了救人才这样做的，所以没有道德上的过错。明知不可为而为之，是悲壮但正当的。

Wading across the river until the water is over your head — Duì's Lake at its extreme — the water too deep, closing over your head — this is misfortune. But because it was done for the right cause, to save others, there's no moral fault in it. To act knowing it can't succeed is tragic but honorable.